. Deep farming and farming in protected environments will in the future be very important for the fish farming industry. Unlike traditional open net-pens, submersible pens and semi-closed containment systems will protect the fish from sea lice and other parasites that are in the upper water layer. Such technology will also reduce the risk of escapes during harsh weather, and will also contribute to improved fish health and good growth conditions in an environment which the fish thrives. Compared to a land-based fish farm, which requires large areas of land, significant use of energy, and has high operating costs, submersible pens and semi-closed containment systems can be operated more cost-effectively and will occupy less area.
